A Comprehensive Guide to Rotavirus Vaccines in India

Introduction Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children, making vaccination critical. In India, several rotavirus vaccines are available to protect children from this potentially deadly disease. This blog covers the different types of rotavirus vaccines, the recommended immunization schedule, the possibility of switching brands, current guidelines, side effects, contraindications, and special precautions.

Types of Rotavirus Vaccines in India India primarily uses three types of rotavirus vaccines:

1. ROTAVAC: Developed indigenously, this vaccine is administered in three doses.
2. RotaTeq: This vaccine requires a three-dose schedule.
3. ROTASIIL: Available in both liquid and lyophilized (freeze-dried) forms, ROTASIIL is also administered in three doses.

Immunization Schedule The standard schedule for administering rotavirus vaccines is:

• First Dose: 6 weeks of age
• Second Dose: 10 weeks of age
• Third Dose: 14 weeks of age

The doses should be given at least four weeks apart, with all doses completed by 8 months of age.

Switching Vaccine Brands According to the current guidelines, it is preferable to complete the vaccination series with the same brand. However, if the brand used for the previous dose is not available, it is permissible to use another brand to complete the series. All three vaccines (ROTAVAC, RotaTeq, and ROTASIIL) are WHO-prequalified and have shown similar efficacy in preventing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis​ (CDC.gov)​​ (World Health Organization (WHO))​.

Current ACVIP Guidelines The Indian Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Immunization (ACVIP) recommends the routine use of rotavirus vaccines in all infants. The vaccine can be given alongside other routine vaccinations like DTP, IPV, and Hib.

Side Effects Common side effects of rotavirus vaccines include:

• Mild irritability
• Temporary diarrhea or vomiting
• Fever

Severe side effects are rare but can include intussusception (a type of bowel blockage), which requires immediate medical attention.

Contraindications and Special Precautions Rotavirus vaccines should not be given to:

• Infants with a history of severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of rotavirus vaccine.
• Infants with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).
• Infants with a history of intussusception.

Special precautions are needed for infants with moderate to severe illness, and vaccination should be postponed until recovery.

Best Brands for Efficacy and Protection All three available brands—ROTAVAC, RotaTeq, and ROTASIIL—have demonstrated high efficacy and safety profiles. Studies have shown that they effectively prevent severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and reduce hospitalizations​ (Johns Hopkins Public Health)​​ (World Health Organization (WHO))​.

Conclusion Rotavirus vaccination is a crucial step in protecting children from severe diarrhea caused by rotavirus. The vaccines available in India are safe, effective, and recommended by health authorities. Ensuring timely vaccination can significantly reduce the incidence of severe rotavirus infections and contribute to better child health outcomes.

For more detailed information, consult your pediatrician and refer to the ACVIP guidelines and WHO recommendations.